timeline

1951


US Army General Douglas McArthur asks American President Truman for permission to use atomic weapons in the Korean War. President Truman fires General Douglas McArthur.


Richard Nixon enters the U.S. Senate as its youngest member. His Senate career is uneventful and he is able to concentrate all his efforts on the upcoming presidential election.


Johnny Appleseed of LSD Alfred Hubbard first tries LSD. An OSS officer in WW II Hubbard first took LSD in 1951, and proceeded to turn on several individuals prominent in LSD research, including Dr. Humphrey Osmond, Myron Stolaroff , and Aldous Huxley, earning him the title of "the Johnny Appleseed of LSD". (Lee, Martin and Schlain, Bruce, Acid Dreams, Grove Press, 1985, pg 44)


circa 1951 Hubbard later did undercover work for several agencies, including the FDA and FBI. He reportedly tried (and failed) to turn on J. Edgar Hoover. He introduced LSD to many high-ranking intelligence officers. In the early 1950's, he refused an offer to join the CIA. (Lee and Schlain, pg 52) In all, it is estimated that Hubbard introduced LSD to over 6,000 individuals. He worked until 1965 at the International Foundation for Advanced Study(Fahey, Todd Brendan, The Original Captain Trips", High Times, November 1991)


Fahey describes Hubbard's work at SRI differently, placing him with the Alternative Futures Project, which sought to turn on the world's political and business leaders. He left SRI in 1974, and died on August 31, 1982. (Fahey)


Department of Defense begins open air tests using disease-producing bacteria and viruses. Tests last through 1969 and there is concern that people in the surrounding areas have been exposed.


Office of Special Operations (OSO) is merged with the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) by Walter Bedell Smith. The CIA no longer had to share covert operations with the Pentagon and State Department. During the year, CIA money set up the Center of International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Such linkage between the CIA and research institutions on campus and in the private sector soon became standard, as it did for the Pentagon.

 

1952


Former WWII Supreme Allied Commander, Dwight D. "Ike" Eisenhower wins election as President of the US. Truman refuses to run for president again. The Republicans choose Nixon as Eisenhower's running mate, to balance the ticket with a West Coast conservative. The Republicans win by a landslide on November 4th. Meanwhile, John Kennedy is elected to the Senate, a particularly impressive feat because the rest of the nation is sweeping Republican candidates into offices with Eisenhower.


In November, the first successful American hydrogen bomb test.


National Security Agency (NSA). On October 24, 1952, President Truman signed National Security Council Directive 6, a seven-page document that eliminated the first attempt at uniting all military signal intelligence (SIGINT) operations, and created the NSA at Fort Meade, Maryland. Directive 6 remains classified to this day.


As a child in 1952, Jack Sarfatti claims to have received phone calls from the mechanical voice of a conscious computer aboard a spaceship, recruiting him along with 400 others for some special project. These calls have similarities to the mechanical voice which talked to Andrijah Puharich via his tape recorder. Sarfatti was later associated with Puharich.


Puharich first contacts The Nine a group of channeled being via a medium.


During the CIA's MK-ULTRA mind control program, John Lilly briefed the intelligence community on his work to map out the brains of animals using implanted electrodes. He abandoned this line of work because he felt it was unethical.


John Lilly studied the effects of sensory deprivation tanks, and also briefed the intelligence community with his progress. Lilly refused to let any of his work be classified, and ended up leaving the National Institute of Health when he found that he could not work without the interference of the government


Project Moonstruck, CIA:


Electronic implants in brain and teeth


Targeting: Long range


Implanted during surgery or surreptitiously during abduction


Frequency range: HF - ELF transceiver implants


Purpose: Tracking, mind and behavior control, conditioning, programming, covert operations


Functional Basis: Electronic Stimulation of the Brain, E.S.B.


Wilbert Smith: "If, as appears evident, the F Saucers are emissaries from some other civilisation, and actually do operate on magnetic principles, we have before us the Fact that we have missed something in magnetic theory but have a good indication of the direction in which to look for the missing quantities. It is therefore strongly recommended that work on Project Magnet be continued and expanded to include experts in each of the various fields involved in these studies" From an interim report dated 25th June 1952 Wilbert Smith was the electrical engineer who convinced the Canadian government to establish Project Magnet to study the UFO phenomenon and later served as engineer-in-charge of the project.


Dr. Walther Riedel: "I am completely convinced that [uFOs] have an out-of-world basis." "First, the skin temperatures of structures operating under the observed conditions would make it impossible for any terrestrial structure to survive. The skin friction of the missile at those speeds at those altitudes would melt any metals or nonmetals available. Second, consider the high acceleration at which they fly and maneuver... In some descriptions the beast spirals straight up. If you think of the fact that the centrifugal force in a few minutes of such a maneuver would press the crew against the outside, and do likewise to the blood, you see what I mean. Third.... There are many occurrences where they have done things that only a pilot could perform but that no human pilot could stand. Fourth, in most of the reports there is a lack of visible jet. Most observers report units without visible flame . . . and no trail. If it would be any known type of jet, rocket, piston engine, or chain-reaction motor, there would be a very clear trail at high altitude. It is from no power unit we know of..."


"The least improbable explanation is that these things are artificial and controlled ... My opinion for some time has been that they have an extraterrestrial origin." From LIFE Magazine, April 7, 1952. Riedel was research director and chief designer at Germany's rocket center in Peenemunde and also worked on classified projects for the U.S. after WW2.


Dr. Maurice Biot "The least improbable explanation is that these things UFO's are artificial and controlled. My opinion for some time has been that they have an extraterrestrial origin." Biot was one of the world's leading aerodynamicists and mathematical physicists. Life, April 7, 1952.


United States, Washington, D.C. Perhaps the best documented UFO incident in history:


July 13. National Airlines plane en route to National Airport, about 60 mi. SW of the city observed a blue- white ball of light hovering to the west. Object then "came up to 11,000 ft. and then maintained a parallel course, on the same level, at the same speed, until the aircraft pilot turned on all lights. Object then departed from the vicinity at an estimated 1000 mph. Weather was excellent for observation." The crew said the object "took off up and away." No other air traffic was reported in the area at the time.


July 14. Newport News, Va. Southbound Pan American Airways plane at 8,000 ft. nearing the Norfolk, Va., area observed six glowing red, circular objects approaching below the airliner; objects flipped up on edge in unison and then sped from behind and under the airliner and joined the in-line formation, which "climbed in a graceful arc above the altitude of the airliner." "Then the lights blinked out one by one, though not in sequence." Next day the crew was thoroughly interrogated and advised that they already had seven other reports of red discs moving at high speed and making sharp turns.


July 16. Hampton Roads, Va. A Government aeronautical research engineer observed two amber-colored lights approaching from the south at about 500 m.p.h. These slowed and made a U-turn, revolved around each other at a high rate of speed, then joined by two other objects from different directions, the four sped off to the south at about 500 m.p.h. "They moved jerkily when moving slowly. Their ability to make tight circling turns was amazing."


July 18. Washington, D. C. Radio station chief engineer observed 6-7 bright orange discs moving in single file. Each in turn veered sharply upward and disappeared.


July 19. National Airport began picking up unidentified targets on radar.


July 20. Herndon, Va. Capital Airlines flight from National Airport called by control tower to check on unidentified radar targets saw three objects, and three more between there and Martinsburg, W. Va. "like falling stars without tails [which] moved rapidly up, down, and horizontally. Also hovered." Chief CAA air traffic controller Harry Barnes later said in a newspaper interview: "His [the pilot's] subsequent description of the movement of the objects coincided with the position of our pips [radar targets] at all times while in our range.


July 20. Andrews AFB, Md., (Nr. Washington, D.C.). Five witnesses visually observed three reddish-orange objects moving erratically.


July 20. Capital Airlines flight incoming to National Airport reported that an unidentified light followed his airliner from the vicinity of Herndon, Va., to within about 4 miles west of the airport, confirmed on radar.


July 20. Additional unidentified targets appear on radar at National Airport.


July 20. Air Force radar operators at Andrews AFB weather tower tracked 10 UFOs for 15-20 minutes. Objects approached runway, scattered, made sharp turns and reversals of direction.


July 26. Sharp UFO targets on radar at National Airport. Civilian pilots saw glowing white objects on four occasions, including a United Airlines pilot near Herndon, Va., and two CAA pilots over Maryland. National Airlines pilot near Andrews AFB at 1700 ft. saw a UFO "f directly over the airliner."


July 26. Radar at National airport tracked a UFO on radar ("big target"), confirmed by Andrews AFB radar.


July 26. Radar at National Airport tracked "solid returns" of "four targets in rough line abreast," and eight others scattered over the radarscope. July 26. Andrews AFB, Md., surveillance radar tracked 10-12 UFOs in Washington, D.C. area.


July 26. National Airport, 10-12 objects on radar.


July 26. "Good sharp targets" of 4-8 UFOs on ARTC radar at National Airport.


July 26. Air Force Command Post notified of unidentified radar targets. Two F-94 jet interceptors scrambled from New Castle AFB, Delaware, to investigate.


July 27. Major Fournet, (Project Blue Book Officer in Pentagon), and Lt. Holcomb, (Navy electronics expert), arrived at National Airport Center. Observed "7 good, solid targets." Holcomb checked on temperature inversions, but they were minor and could not explain what was going on. He so advised AF Command Post, requesting interception mission. By the time the F-94 jets arrived from Delaware, no strong unidentified targets remained and no visual contacts were made.


July 27. F-94 jet interceptors scrambled from New Castle AFB, Del., to investigate Washington, D.C., radar- UFOs. One F-94 pilot made visual contact and appeared to be gaining on target; both F-94 and UFO were observed on radar and "appeared to be traveling at the same approximate speed." When the F-94 pilot tried to overtake the UFO, it disappeared visually and on radar. The pilot remarked about the "incredible speed of the object."


July 27. Air Force Lieutenant at Andrews AFB saw a dark disc moving slowly northeast with "oscillating rolling motion." Clouds were moving southeast. UFO entered base of clouds.


July 27. Air Force personnel and others at National Airport saw a large round object reflecting sunlight, apparently hovering over the Capital Building. After about a minute, the object "wavered then shot straight up disappearing from sight."


July 28. Daily papers headlined a United Press story from Washington, D.C., that the Air Defence Command had ordered its jet pilots to pursue, and if necessary "shoot down, " UFOs sighted anywhere in the country.


July 29. Many unidentified targets tracked by CAA radar, 8-12 on the radarscope at a time, moving southeast in a belt 15 miles wide near Washington, D.C. July 29. Eastern Airlines pilot asked to check on radar targets, reported seeing nothing. CAA official said the targets disappeared from the radar screen when the plane was in their area, "then came back in behind him."


July 29. Air Force pilot sighted three round white UFOs 10 miles southeast of Andrews AFB. Other UFOs tracked by radar during the afternoon.


July 29. Air Force press conference at which the sightings were attributed to temperature inversions causing "radar mirages," typically ground lights reflected in the sky under freak atmospheric conditions. Also announced new scientific program to evaluate sightings.


Harry G. Barnes "For six hours ... there were at least ten unidentifiable objects moving above Washington. They were not ordinary aircraft." Barnes was Senior Air Traffic Controller for the C.A.A. in 1952.


Dr. H. Marshall Chadwell "Sightings of unexplained objects at great altitude and traveling at high speeds in the vicinity of major US defense installations are of such nature that they are not attributable to natural phenomena or known types of aerial vehicles." Chadwell, former assistant director of the CIA's Office of Scientific Intelligence, in a December, 1952 memo to then-director of the CIA, General Walter B. Smith.


Walter Bedell Smith "The Central Intelligence Agency has reviewed the current situation concerning unidentified f objects which have created extensive speculation in the press and have been the subject of concern to Government organizations... Since 1947, approximately 2,000 official reports of sightings have been received and of these, about 20% are as yet unexplained."


"It is my view that this situation has possible implications for our national security which transcend the interests of a single service. A broader, coordinated effort should be initiated to develop a firm scientific understanding of the several phenomena which apparently are involved in these reports..." From a 1952 memorandum to the National Security Council. Smith was Director of the CIA from 1950 to 1953


Argentina, Veronica. Hundreds of residents witnessed six discs circling above the town, the disappearing into the night sky. This sighting was written within hours of a similar report from Captain Paul Carpenter near Denver. Carpenter reported the craft were traveling at 3,000 miles per hour, making it possible for the saucer to have appeared in both locations.


United States, Enid, Oklahoma. Sidney Eubank went to the Enid police station and told Sergeant Vern Bennell that an enormous disk had buzzed his car as he drove between Bison and Waukonis on Highway 81. The rush of air made the car leave the road while the object flew west very fast.


United States, George AFB, California. Three men on the arms range, plus one Lt. Colonel 4 miles away witnessed five flat-white discs about the diameter of a C-47's wingspan (95') flew fast, made a 90 degree turn in a formation of three in front and two behind, and darted around, for 15-30 seconds.


United States, Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma State Patrolman Hamilton in a State Patrol airplane witnessed three dark discs hovered and then flew away, silhouetted against a dark cloud. 15 seconds.


United States, Wichita Falls, Texas.: Mr. and Mrs. Adrian Ellis. witnessed two disc-shaped objects, illuminated by a phosphorus light, flew at an estimated 1,000 m.p.h. for 15 seconds.


Coral Lorenzen published first issue of the APRO Bulletin. Within a few years the organization became one of America's most influential and respected civilian directed UFO organizations.


ATIC received 536 UFO reports in the month of July alone, with unknowns running at 40 percent.


Project Chatter. A navy mind control research project took place primarily in Germany. It involved the University of Rochester's Psychology Department Chairman, Dr. G. Richard Wendt, who had received a good deal of Navy money to study amphetamines, alcohol, and heroin. The navy flew Wendt to Germany in order to test a "truth serum" he had developed on some prisoners. The experiment was a failure, and Wendt lost his funding.

 

1953


Dwight D. Eisenhower sworn in as 34th president. He makes it clear that he plans to work for world peace. Richard Nixon at 39 is the nation's 2nd youngest vice president. Eisenhower grooms his vice president for active duty. They will both serve 2 terms. Senator Kennedy marries Jacqueline Lee Bouvier of Long Island on September 12th. Lyndon Johnson becomes minority leader in a Republican Senate. President Eisenhower appoints Herbert Hoover chairman of the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government.


Iran - CIA overthrows the democratically elected Mohammed Mossadegh in a military coup, after he threatened to nationalize British oil. The CIA replaces him with a dictator, the Shah of Iran, whose secret police, SAVAK, is as brutal as the Gestapo.


John C. Lilly, when asked by the director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to brief the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), National Security Agency (NSA), and the various military intelligence services on his work using electrodes to stimulate directly the pleasure and pain centers in the brain, refused. He said, "Dr. Antione Redmond, using our techniques in Paris, has demonstrated that this method of stimulation on the brain can be applied to the human without help of the neurosurgeon ... This means that anybody with the proper apparatus can carry this out covertly, with no external signs that electrodes have been used in that person. I feel that if this technique got into the hands of a secret agency, they would have total control over a human being and be able to change his beliefs extremely quickly, leaving little evidence of what they had done." (From "Mind Control and the American Government", by Martin Cannon in Lobster#23, pp 2-10. Cannon quotes Lilly from his book, The Scientist, Berkeley, Ronin publishers, 1988, also Bantam Books 1981. Research by Peter Lewis.)


After a statement like that of Dr. Lilly's, how long do you think it would take the agencies, FBI, CIA, NSA, etc. to contact Dr. Redmond in Paris?


Project MK-ULTRA, CIA:Inspired by North Korea's brainwashing program, the CIA begins experiments on mind control. The most notorious part of this project involves giving LSD and other drugs to American subjects without their knowledge or against their will, causing several to commit suicide. However, the operation involves far more than this. Funded in part by the Rockefeller and Ford foundations, research includes propaganda, brainwashing, public relations, advertising, hypnosis, and other forms of suggestion.


Drugs, electronics and electroshock


Targeting: Short range


Frequencies: VHF HF UHF modulated at ELF


Transmission and Reception: Local production


Purpose: Programming behavior, creation of "cyborg" mentalities


Effects: narcoleptic trance, programming by suggestion


Subprojects: Many.


Pseudonym: Project Artichoke


Functional Basis: Electronic Dissolution of Memory, E.D.O.M. (Disinfo???)


When the CIA's mind control program was transferred from the Office of Security to the Technical Services Staff (TSS) in 1953, the name changed again -- to MKULTRA....(Later still, in 1962, mind control research was transferred to the Office of Research and Development; project cryptonyms remain unrevealed. What was studied? Everything -- including hypnosis, conditioning, sensory deprivation, drugs, religious cults, microwaves, psychosurgery, brain implants, and even ESP. When MKULTRA ' leaked' to the public during the great CIA investigations of the 1970s, public attention focused most heavily on drug experimentation and the work with ESP. Mystery still shrouds another area of study, the area which seems to have most interested ORD: psychoelectronics


Martin Cannon, The Controllers: A New Hypothesis of Alien Abduction:


"The MK ULTRA program was a covert behavior modification program run by the CIA in the early 1950s - with the purpose of finding ways to make men more suggestible - and involving the use of pain, drugs and hypnosis on unsuspecting human guinea pigs."


The first person to publicly expose the CIA's use of "pain-drug-hypnosis" was L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of Scientology, who wrote in his 1951 book Science of Survival that it had become so extensively employed in espionage work that it was long past the time people should have become alarmed about it.


"Mr. Hubbard's statement was found to be true in the 1970s, when the CIA's program became public knowledge after the Freedom of Information Act enabled investigators to document the agency's inhumane and grotesque experiments on human subjects. The ensuing outcry over the use of mind-bending drugs, which combined with electric shock caused the deaths or maiming of untold numbers of people, drew comparisons between the CIA and the infamous Nazi doctors and led to Congressional hearings into the intelligence agency." - an40286@anon.penet.fi (probably from the Scientology Guardians Organization)


Army Chemical Warfare Service staff member Dr. Frank Olsen died in a CIA LSD experiment. During the Second World War, Olsen developed assassination weapons that could evade autopsies, including a range of lethal aerosols in handy sized containers, disguised as deodorants, shaving cream, and insect repellents.


The CIA's official budget exceeded $100 billion, none of which was accountable to Congress or even the President.


U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas over Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley in Maryland, and Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is to determine how efficiently they could disperse chemical agents.


The U.S. Army also continued to spray American cities with biological agents. It tested only on the black ghetto sections of St. Louis, and arranged for local police surveillance "to minimize the possibility of loss of equipment." The Army reported "much less public interest and curiosity" during this field-test than in Minneapolis.


Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which tens of thousands of people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to the airborne germs Serratia marcescens and Bacillus glogigii.


CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year research program designed to produce and test drugs and biological agents that would be used for mind control and behavior modification. Six of the subprojects involved testing the agents on unwitting human beings.


In September of 1953, Albert K. Bender claimed that he had received certain information that provided the missing pieces for a theory concerning the origin of UFOs. He wrote it all down and sent it to a trusted friend. Shortly after, he received a visit from "Three Men." One of them held the letter he had written in his hand. They told him that he had, indeed, stumbled on the answer, and then they purportedly filled him in on the details. He became so ill he was unable to eat for three days. A couple of other UFO researchers, Dominick Lucchesi and August C. Roberts, tried to persuade Bender to talk. He would only repeat "I can't answer that."


Major Donald E. Keyhoe "The Air Force had put out a secret order for its pilots to capture UFOs." "If, in fact, we are able to find life or to answer the question 'Are we alone?' then that certainly is grand enough and noble enough to be the enduring legacy of our civilization." NASA, October 1999. "With control of the universe at stake, a crash program is imperative. We produced the A-bomb, under the huge Manhattan Project, in an amazingly short time. The needs, the urgency today are even greater. The Air Force should end UFO secrecy, give the facts to scientists, the public, to Congress." "Once the people realize the truth, they would back, even demand a crash program... for this is one race we dare not lose..." Statement in 1953.


Keyhoe's book F Saucers From Outer Space came out, eventually becoming one of the most widely read books of the decade.


Lieutenant D.A. Swimley "And don't tell me they were reflections, I know they were solid objects." Swimley, USAF, commenting on a sighting of eight disc shaped objects he and several fellow officers watched circling over Hamilton AFB, California, on August 3, 1953. The objects were also picked up on radar and spotted by many civilian pilots. F-86 Sabres were scrambled to intercept the objects, but the jets were apparently too slow.

 

1954


Atomic scientist Robert J. Oppenheimer [the Father of the Atomic Bomb] loses his US security clearance.


Guatemala - CIA overthrows the democratically elected Jacob Arbenz in a military coup. Arbenz has threatened to nationalize the Rockefeller-owned United Fruit Company, in which CIA Director Allen Dulles also owns stock. Arbenz is replaced with a series of right-wing dictators whose bloodthirsty policies will kill over 100,000 Guatemalans in the next 40 years.


North Vietnam - CIA officer Edward Lansdale spends four years trying to overthrow the communist government of North Vietnam, using all the usual dirty tricks. The CIA also attempts to legitimize a tyrannical puppet regime in South Vietnam, headed by Ngo Dinh Diem. These efforts fail to win the hearts and minds of the South Vietnamese because the Diem government is opposed to true democracy, land reform and poverty reduction measures. The CIA's continuing failure results in escalating American intervention, culminating in the Vietnam War.


Gray Barker, editor of The Saucerian Bulletin, author of They Knew Too Much About F Saucers and The Silver Bridge, tells us that his first contact with Morris Jessup was when he received a letter from him on November 5, 1954. Barker had sent Jessup a copy of his magazine, The Saucerian. This was just shortly before Jessup's first book was published. We discover from Jessup's letter that Barker was apprised of his existence and work by John Bessor who was, apparently, a subscriber to the magazine. Jessup wrote:


Yes, I'm doing a book. It is far along in the final draft stages, and we are hoping to get it in the hands of the publishers sometime next week. It is rather conservative as compared to some of the wild things so far printed, but I have tried to keep it factual, and have confined it to phenomena in the pre-Arnold era - particularly around 1875-1885. Altogether it makes quite a formidable array of proof and background.


Gray Barker describes Jessup as "a most cordial person, and greatly enthusiastic about finding some solution to the UFO mystery - though he indicated that in his professional writing he felt it necessary to take a more conservative approach. This conservative, scientific attitude, demonstrated in his first two books, may have been the reason that his writings were not popular with many saucer "fans."" Jessup wrote to Barker on December 16, 1954:


There is so damned much nonsense being put out by silly people that one gets disgusted with a lot of it. I do feel that we are in a remarkable phase of human experience and that the waters should not be muddied by stupidity - the problem is tough enough without any Adamski's in the picture.


And then on December 20th, along with two articles he sent to Barker, Jessup wrote:


The Mexican craters are real - I found them myself, and I've seen the air force negatives. [...] The extension of the motive-power theme to include some jolts ro religion are rather obvious. This space race COULD be our GOD. They COULD have left the Earth millennia ago. Our book will hint at how Sun-worship may be connected with the space denizens. I read your report regarding Albert K. Bender with great interest. Looks like SOMETHING did happen. He probably did stumble onto the truth. I will be glad of any additional information you may uncover. In my humble opinion, you are absolutely correct in your thought that the power source is the key to the whole UFO deal. I am convinced of it from my own introspection and reading.


The Fund for Theological Education - supported in the main by the Rockefeller Foundation, was established in the early 1950s as a response to a perceived crisis in Protestant theological education. In order to encourage talented college graduates to consider the ministry, an unprecedented initiative was launched in 1954 to attract promising but otherwise undecided candidates to seminary education. Begun in close affiliation with the American Association of Theological Schools , the Fund for Theological Education grew both in scope and size over the next forty years. To date close to 5000 scholarships have been awarded, and the Fund can number among its past recipients some of today's most eminent theological educators and clergy.


Rockefeller Foundation supports the Growth of American Families project, the first of the national fertility studies now carried out every five years with U.S. government support.


Air Chief Marshall Lord Hugh Dowding "Of course UFOs are real--and they are interplanetary.....The cumulative evidence for the existence of UFOs is quite overwhelming and I accept the fact of their existence." Dowding, commanding officer of the Royal Air Force during WWII, and during the Battle of Britain made this statement in August of 1954.


"More than 10,000 sightings have been reported, the majority of which cannot be accounted for by any "scientific" explanation... I am convinced that these objects do exist and that they are not manufactured by any nation on Earth."


"I can therefore see no alternative to accepting the theory that they come from some extraterrestrial source." Printed in Sunday Dispatch, London, July 11, 1954.


General Douglas MacArthur. General MacArthur is believed to have been involved in establishing the Interplanetary Phenomenon Unit (IPU), which was formed to investigate crashed and retrieved f saucers. In 1955 MacArthur stated: "The nations of the world will have to unite for the next war will be an interplanetary war. The nations of the earth must some day make a common front against attack by people from other planets." This statement has led to intense speculation that the IPU uncovered more facts about UFOs than has ever been revealed.


United States, Cochise, New Mexico. An instructor and student pilot in USAF B-25 bomber trainer witness a metallic disc, shaped like two pie pans face-to-face, and 120- 130' in diameter, paced the B-25, showing both its edge and its face, for 5-7 minutes.


Morris Allen of the CIA conducted the ultimate hypnosis experiment: the creation of a "Manchurian Candidate," or programmed assassin.


France was the scene of the greatest UFO activity. Witnesses of all ages and backgrounds claimed to see landings of UFOs and their short, humanoid occupants. Researchers uncovered 46 humanoid reports in France alone during a six week period. Descriptions of the beings varied, although most were between three and four feet in height. None of the sightings included descriptions of what are now called "Greys."

 

1955


April 18, Albert Einstein dies.


(circa) Dr Louis West, friends with Aldous Huxley. It was Huxley who suggested that West combine LSD and hypnosis in his experiments. (Lee, Martin and Schlain, Bruce, Acid Dreams, Grove Press, 1985, pg 48)


West was an Air Force Major, chairman of the Psychiatry Department of UCLA, director of the Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, expert in hypnosis.


West was a veteran of the CIA's MKULTRA mind control program, and worked on interrogation techniques using hypnosis and LSD. West once killed an elephant by grossly overestimating a dose of LSD (elsewhere, I have heard that the tranquilizers required to calm the animal caused its death).


West also studied the returning American POWs from Korea for the effects of brainwashing. (Scheflin, Alan and Opton, Edward Jr., The Mind Manipulators, Paddington Press Ltd, 1978, pg 149-50)


MK-Ultra An experiment took place in which an Army "volunteer" was sealed in a sensory deprivation chamber for 40 consecutive hours. In panic and terror, he kicked his way out, and wept uncontrollably for a day. This resulted in a change of policy: the box was strengthened.


Morris K. Jessup published The Case For the UFO


The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect human populations with biological agents, releases Hemophilus pertussis - obtained from the Army's biological warfare arsenal - over Tampa Bay, FL. According to Florida state medical records, the incidence of whooping-cough in Florida tripled that year.


Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its potential use as a chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000 Americans participate in the tests, which continue until 1958.


Gray Barker tells us:


According to Riley Crabb:the annotated copy [of Jessup's book] was addressed to Admiral N. Furth, Chief, Office of Naval Research, Wshington 25, D.C., and was mailed in a manila envelope postmarked Seminole, Texas, 1955. In July or August of that year the book appeared in the incoming correspondence of Major Darrell L. Ritter, U.S.M.C., Aeronautical Project Office in ONR. When Captain Sidney Sherby reported aboard at ONR he obtained the book from Major Ritter. Captain Sherby and Commnder George W. Hoover, Special Projects Officer, ONR, indicated interest in some of the notations the book contained.


I first learned of the annotated copy when I was talking to Mrs. Walton Colcord John, director of the Little Listening Post, a UFO and New Age Publication in Washington. Speaking over the telephone, Mrs. John told me of a strange rumor going around to the effect that somebody had sent a marked-up copy to Washington, and that the government had gone to the expense of mimeographing the entire book, so that all the underlinings and notations could be added to the original text. This was being circulated rather widely, she told me, through military channels. She had not, of course, seen a copy of it, and didn't know too much about it, but somehow she seemed to connect it with an alleged Naval experiment wherein a ship had completely disappeared from sight. I couldn't make too much out of all this until later I also heard about the strange Allende Letters, which told of such an experiment in a most horrifying way.


The publication of the mimeographed edition is established, but I have been unable to confirm whether or not it was actually paid for by the government. It is established that the Varo Manufacturing Company, of Garland, Texas, actually produced the mimeographed edition. I have been unable to find out much about this company, except that it has been said that it engaged in "secret government work."


Apparently, Mr. Crabb in some way came into possession of a copy. [...] In his correspondence with me of September 24, 1962, Crabb clears up the mystery of how he happened to obtain a copy of the original Varo edition. It was the copy that the Navy originally gave to Jessup, and apparently was given to Crabb by Jessup. This copy, however, rather mysteriously disappeared in April, 1960, when Crabb mailed it to himself from Washington, and apparently he no longer possesses any copy at all. Crabb tells us:


"I understand that 25 copies were reproduced... Michael Ann Dunn, the stenographer who did the editing, explains why in the introduction. She's married now, living in Dallas, and won't answer her phone. [...] Varo, by the way, is a small manufacturing firm in electronics and up to its neck in space age business. Apparently it has succeeded in developing some kind of a death ray gadget, judging from a guarded press release of last fall when a group of Congressmen visited there for a demonstration."


Richard Russell U.S. Senator, Head of Senate Armed Services Committee. "I have discussed this matter with the affected agencies of the government, and they are of the opinion that it is not wise to publicize this matter at this time." Regarding his sighting of a UFO during a 1955 trip to the Soviet Union.


Lyndon Johnson suffers a severe heart attack in the summer.


Recuperating from one of his operations, Kennedy decides to write a book. Profiles in Courage becomes a bestseller.


President Eisenhower suffers a heart attack on September 24th while at the summer White House in Denver. He makes a steady recovery and after 7 weeks is released from the hospital. He resumes his duties after additional rest.


General Douglas MacArthur "The nations of the world will have to unite, for the next war will be an interplanetary war. The nations of the earth must someday make a common front against attack by people from other planets." The New York Times, October 8, 1955


Allen Dulles "Maximum security exists concerning the subject of UFOs." Dulles was CIA Director, 1955.

 

1956


Eisenhower is re-elected President. Television campaign ads are used (significantly) for the first time.


U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever over Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, Army agents posing as public health officials test victims for effects.


Hungary - Radio Free Europe incites Hungary to revolt by broadcasting Khruschev's Secret Speech, in which he denounced Stalin. It also hints that American aid will help the Hungarians fight. This aid fails to materialize as Hungarians launch a doomed armed revolt, which only invites a major Soviet invasion. The conflict kills 7,000 Soviets and 30,000 Hungarians.


Captain Edward J. Ruppelt "Every time I get skeptical, I think of the other reports made by experienced pilots and radar operators, scientists, and other people who know what they are looking at. These reports were thoroughly investigated and they are still unknowns."


"We have no aircraft on this earth that can at will so handily outdistance our latest jets... The pilots, radar specialists, generals, industrialists, scientists, and the man on the street who have told me, 'I wouldn't have believed it either if I hadn't seen it myself,' knew what they were talking about. Maybe the Earth is being visited by interplanetary space ships."


"When four college professors, a geologist, a chemist, a physicist, and a petroleum engineer report seeing the same UFOs on fourteen different occasions, the event can be classified as, at least, unusual. Add the fact that hundreds of other people saw these UFOs and that they were photographed, and the story gets even better. Add a few more facts, that these UFOs were picked up on radar and that a few people got a close look at one of them, and the story begins to convince even the most ardent skeptic." Ruppelt, Chief of Project Blue Book, from his book, The Report on Unidentified F Objects, 1956.


United States, New York. Capt. Ryan and his first officer William Neff were f from Albany to Syracuse. At a height of 6,000 feet, the two observed a brilliant white light like an approaching aircraft with landing lights on. Ryan estimated that the object was moving at approximately 1,000 miles per hour , faster than any object of the day. The UFO glowed orange in front of them. Ryan and Neff reported the encounter to Griffiss Air Force Base. The Base confirmed that they also could see an orange object nearby. This sighting lasted over twenty minutes and was also witnessed by the flight attendant, Phyllis Reynolds.


United States, San Bernardino, California. 15-year-old Michael Savage, son of a surgeon, took a picture of a mysterious f object that he said hovered near his house for 30 seconds. ; those photos, too, made the paper. Just as the phenomenon was beginning to die out, Hollywood added its own inimitable touch to the UFO craze.


England, Suffolk. The RAF/USAF in Bentwaters / Lakenheath in made radar contact with a UFO using three ground-based radars. A confirmation on aerial radar by a Venom night fighter and visual sightings from the ground and the air make this case one of the most celebrated contacts of modern times. Radar indicated that objects were moving up at 4,000 miles per hour -- higher speeds than any aircraft of the time could have achieved.


The National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) was founded by a core of Annapolis boys. NICAP challenged the Air Force on UFOs, unaware that the CIA was already on board.

 

It's alot to digest, but I'm up to page three.... Slow down will ya??

 

1957


Eisenhower uses well-armed federal troops (including the 101st Airborne) to desegregate schools (over strong state resistance) in Little Rock Arkansas. The "D-Day" parallel is. . . Future American President, William Clinton is living in Arkansas at this time.


It has now been documented that millions of doses of LSD were produced and disseminated under the aegis of the CIA's Operation MK-Ultra. LSD became the drug of choice within the agency itself, and was passed out freely to friends of the family, including a substantial number of OSS veterans. For instance, it was OSS Research and Analysis Branch veteran Gregory Bateson who 'turned on' the Beat poet Allen Ginsberg to a U.S. Navy LSD experiment in Palo Alto, California. Not only Ginsberg, but novelist Ken Kesey and the original members of the Grateful Dead rock group opened the doors of perception courtesy of the Navy. The guru of the 'psychedelic revolution', Timothy Leary, first heard about hallucinogens in 1957 from Life magazine (whose publisher, Henry Luce, was often given government acid, like many other opinion shapers), and began his career as a CIA contract employee; at a 1977 'reunion' of acid pioneers, Leary openly admitted, 'everything I am, I owe to the foresight of the CIA'.'' [Michael J. Minnicino, "The New Dark Age The Frankfurt School and 'Political Correctness'", Fidelio, v1 #1]


The MK-Ultra program had moved six drugs into active use. In February, Sid Gottlieb organized field trial of psilocybin for injection into nine black inmates at the Addiction Center in Lexington, Kentucky. Scientists then measured their psychological responses. At the end of February, Dulles approved Ewen Cameron's application for mind control experiments to be administered at McGill University Montreal, funded through the Society for Investigation of Human Ecology, a CIA organization. Cameron, the most prestigious psychiatrist in North America at the time, coined the terms "depatterning" and "psychic driving," to describe what he did to people. He was also a leading proponent of lobotomies, or "psychic surgery." Cameron began serious work on sensory deprivation, and created a "sleep room." This dimly-lit dormitory of about twenty beds where patients were drugged, given electroshock, and lobotomized was referred to by the nurses as "The Zombie Room." The experiments were conducted in Canada to keep them concealed and off U.S. soil. The Canadian government was unaware of these activities.


Hugh Everett did his undergraduate study in chemical engineering at the Catholic University of America. Studying von Neumann's and Bohm's textbooks as part of his graduate studies, under Wheeler, in mathematical physics at Princeton University in the 1950s, (at the same time Nash was there), he became dissatisfied with the collapse of the wave function. While he was at Princeton, during discussions with Charles Misner and Aage Peterson (Bohr's assistant, then visiting Princeton), he developed his "relative state" formulation. Wheeler encouraged his work and preprints were circulated in January 1956 to a number of physicists. A condensed version of his thesis was published as a paper for The Role of Gravity in Physics conference held at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, in January 1957.


Not long afterward, Everett flew to Copenhagen to meet with Niels Bohr and discuss his ideas, but Bohr gave him the bum's rush and brush off, and this was the general response he received from physicists in general. Everett left physics after completing his Ph.D., going to work as a defense analyst at the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, Pentagon and later became a private contractor. He was very successful, becoming a multimillionaire. In 1968 Everett worked for the Lambda Corporation, now subsidiary of General Research Corporation in McLean, Virginia. His published papers during this period cover things like optimizing resource allocation and maximizing kill rates during nuclear-weapon campaigns.


With the steady growth of interest in Many-Worlds in the late 1970s Everett began to make plans to return to academia in order to do more work on measurement in quantum theory. In the late 70s, he visited Austin, Texas, at Wheeler's or DeWitt's invitation, to give some lectures on Quantum Mechanics. Not long afterward, he died of a heart attack in 1982. He was only 52 years old.


Laos - The CIA carries out approximately one coup per year trying to nullify Laos' democratic elections. The problem is the Pathet Lao, a leftist group with enough popular support to be a member of any coalition government. In the late 50s, the CIA even creates an "Army Clandestine" of Asian mercenaries to attack the Pathet Lao. After the CIA's army suffers numerous defeats, the U.S. starts bombing, dropping more bombs on Laos than all the U.S. bombs dropped in World War II. A quarter of all Laotians will eventually become refugees, many living in caves.


A federal court orders Central High School in Little Rock to integrate. Governor Orval E. Faubus sends the Arkansas National Guard to block integration and preserve order. 9 black pupils are barred from the school. A federal court orders Faubus to comply--he withdraws the troops. A mob prevents the students from staying at school.


President Dwight D. Eisenhower puts the National Guard under federal control and sends 1,000 U.S. Army troops to enforce the court order. U.S. military and then National Guard troops maintain order during the school year.


Senator John F. Kennedy is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his book, Profiles in Courage.


Senator Lyndon Johnson is made Senate majority leader. He will follow a policy of compromise, which results in unusual cooperation between Republican and Democratic senators.


Admiral Delmar Fahrney "Reliable reports indicate there are objects coming into our atmosphere at very high speeds and controlled by thinking intelligences." A public statement, 1957. "No agency in this country or Russia is able to duplicate at this time the speeds and accelerations which radars and observers indicate these f objects are able to achieve." Printed in New York Times. Admiral Fahrney was former head of the Navy's guided-missile program.


Major General Joe W. Kelly "Air Force interceptors still pursue Unidentified F Objects as a matter of national security to this country and to determine technical aspects involved." Kelly made this statement in 1957.


Roscoe Hillenkoetter "It is time for the truth to be brought out in open Congressional hearings. Behind the scenes high ranking Air Force officers are soberly concerned about the UFOs. But through official secrecy and ridicule, many citizens are led to believe the unknown f objects are nonsense." Statement in a NICAP news release, February 27, 1960. Admiral Hillenkoetter was the first Director of the CIA, 1947-50. In 1957, he joined the Board of Governors of the National Investigations.


Edward Ruppelt


"There is sufficient evidence of f saucer existence to warrant further investigation."


-Former Blue Book Chief Edward Ruppelt, to the press, November, 1957.


"I'm positive they don't (exist). There's not even a glimmer of hope for the UFO."


-Edward Ruppelt, from his revised book 1960.

 

1958


Project Argus


Between August and September 1958, the US Navy exploded three fission type nuclear bombs 480 km above the South Atlantic Ocean, in the part of the lower Van Allen Belt closest to the earth's surface. In addition, two hydrogen bombs were detonated 160 km over Johnston Island in the Pacific. The military called this "the biggest scientific experiment ever undertaken." It was designed by the US Department of Defense and the US Atomic Energy Commission, under the code name Project Argus. The purpose appears to be to assess the impact of high altitude nuclear explosions on radio transmission and radar operations because of the electromagnetic pulse (EMP), and to increase understanding of the geomagnetic field and the behavior of the charged particles in it.


This gigantic experiment created new (inner) magnetic radiation belts encompassing almost the whole earth, and injected sufficient electrons and other energetic particles into the ionosphere to cause world wide effects. The electrons traveled back and forth along magnetic force lines, causing an artificial "aurora" when striking the atmosphere near the North Pole.


The US Military planned to create a "telecommunications shield" in the ionosphere, reported in 13-20 August 1961, Keesings Historisch Archief (K.H.A.). This shield would be created "in the ionosphere at 3,000 km height, by bringing into orbit 350,000 million copper needles, each 2-4 cm long [total weight 16 kg], forming a belt 10 km thick and 40 km wide, the needles spaced about 100 m apart." This was designed to replace the ionosphere "because telecommunications are impaired by magnetic storms and solar flares." The US planned to add to the number of copper needles if the experiment proved to be successful. This plan was strongly opposed by the International Union of Astronomers.


Project Orion, U.S.A.F:


Drugs, hypnosis, and ESB


Targeting: Short range, in person


Frequencies: ELF Modulation


Transmission and Reception: Radar, microwaves, modulated at ELF frequencies


Purpose: Top security personnel debriefing, programming, insure security and loyalty


Pseudonym: "Dreamland"


While Lilly implies that he left the NIH because of unethical government interference, his Communications Research Institute (founded in the 1958 to study dolphins) was partially funded by the Air Force, NASA, NIHM, the National Science Foundation, and the Navy. He was assisted in this work by Gregory Bateson


While experimenting with sensory deprivation and LSD and ketamine, Lilly came to believe that he was in psychic contact with the aliens of what he called the Earth Coincidence Control Office. The aliens were guiding events in Lilly's life to lead him to work with dolphins, which were psychic conduits between aliens and humans. The aliens are acting for the survival of organic lifeforms against artificial intelligences, called solid state lifeforms


LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical Warfare Laboratories for its effect on intelligence.


In December, Robert Welch founds the John Birch Society.


Major Donald E. Keyhoe: "Russia and the U. S. have announced they are definitely planning several space machines. So it's quite possible that the first space ships or satellites may encounter other interplanetary machines, manned or otherwise. Our space devices may even be closely approached by such alien machines." "For the last six months we have been working with a congressional committee investigating official secrecy concerning proof that UFOs are real machines under intelligent control." From a live national broadcast, on CBS in 1958. Keyhoe had an approved script to follow, but when deviated unexpectedly from it with this astonishing statement, the audio was cut-off in the middle of his sentence, "for reasons of national security." Keyhoe was in the United States Marine Corp.


Brigadier General Jo‹o Adil Oliveira "I wish to give you a summary of what is known in the world about 'f discs,' of what is known about the opinion of qualified experts who have dealt with this matter. The problem of 'f discs' has polarized the attention of the whole world, but it's serious and it deserves to be treated seriously. Almost all the governments of the great powers are interested in it, dealing with it in a serious and confidential manner, due to its military interest." In a briefing to the Army War College in Rio de Janeiro on November 2, 1954 Col. Oliveira's briefing included short summaries of several UFO incidents in the USA and Brazil. Later promoted to the rank of Brigadier General, he was interviewed by the Brazilian press on February 28, 1958.


"It is impossible to deny any more the existence of f saucers at the present time... The f saucer is not a ghost from another dimension or a mysterious dragon. It is a fact confirmed by material evidence. There are thousands of documents, photos, and sighting reports demonstrating its existence. For instance, when I went to the Air Force High command to discuss the f saucers I called for ten witnesses - military (AF officers) and civilians - to report their evidence about the presence of f saucers in the skies of Rio Grande do Sul, and over Gravata’ AFB [Air Force Base]; some of them had seen UFOs with the naked eye, others with high powered optical instruments. For more than two hours the phenomenon was present in the sky, impressing the selected audience: officers, engineers, technicians, etc." Brazilian press interview on February 28, 1958 Brigadier General Jo‹o Adil Oliveira, Chief of the Air Force General Staff Information Service (with the rank of Colonel), led the first official military UFO inquiry in Brazil in the mid-50s.


Russia, Moscow. A large, disk-shaped object was seen on the ground. It rose in a spiral motion, then took off and was lost to sight.

 

1959


Huxley speeches in London on "Latent Human Potential." COINTELPRO is kicked off and the games begin.


Morris K. Jessup found dead in his station wagon in a Dade County Park, Florida, on the evening of April 29, 1959. A hose had been attached to the exhaust pipe of the station wagon and looped into the closed interior. The whole set-up had been accomplished during daylight hours, in a public park. Ever since, researchers have said that Jessup's death was the price he paid for getting too close to the truth. You see, Jessup's death is SO apparent a suicide, that everyone just KNEW that it was NOT a suicide. And, of course, as a consequence, an entire mythos was born about something called the Philadelphia Experiment having to do with Time Travel.


Haiti - The U.S. military helps "Papa Doc" Duvalier become dictator of Haiti. He creates his own private police force, the "Tonton Macoutes," who terrorize the population with machetes. They will kill over 100,000 during the Duvalier family reign. The U.S. does not protest their dismal human rights record.


Lt. Colonel Richard Headrick "Saucers exist, I saw two. They were intelligently flown or operated (evasive tactics, formation flight, hovering). They were mechanisms, not United States weapons, nor Russian. I presume they are extraterrestrial." Headrick was a radar bombing expert, 1959.


The horrific experiments conducted by the Army and CIA at Edgewood Arsenal and McGill University worsened with the addition of a new chemical: quinunclidinyl benzilate, or BZ. More powerful than LSD, the effects of BZ lasted three days. At times, the effects lasted as long as six days. Between 1959 and 1975, an estimated 2,800 U. S. soldiers were given BZ at Edgewood Arsenal.


Jose Delgado invented the stimociever, a miniature depth electrode able to receive and transmit electronic signals over FM radio waves. By stimulating a correctly positioned stimociever, an outside operator could wield a surprising degree of control over the subject's responses.


Keyhoe and NICAP hear rumors that Edward J. Ruppelt, under great pressure, would be revising the conclusion of his 1956 book, The report on Unidentified F Objects. Ruppelt had worked against UFO secrecy from 1954 onward. He essentially made an enemy of the Air Force by 1975, burned bridges with former colleagues by 1959, and finally died in 1960.

 

1960


MK-DELTA, CIA:


Fine-tuned electromagnetic subliminal programming


Targeting: Long Range


Frequencies: VHF HF UHF Modulated at ELF


Transmission and Reception: Television antennae, radio antennae, power lines, mattress spring coils, modulation on 60 Hz wiring.


Purpose: programming behavior and attitudes in general population


Effects: fatigue, mood swings, behavior dysfunction and social criminality, mood swings


Pseudonym: "Deep Sleep", R.H.I.C.


Hal Puthoff, according to author Jim Schnabel (and confirmed by Dr. Puthoff), served at the NSA in the early 1960's during his tour with the Navy, not the Army as McRae reported, and later stayed on as a civillian. Joined SRI in 1971 as a specialist in laser physics. Served as an officer in the Navy from 1960-63 at Ft. Meade


Headlines read "Khrushchev Says Soviets Will Cut Forces a Third; Sees 'Fantastic Weapon' ". (From article of same title, by Max Frankel, New York Times, Jan. 15, 1960, p 1 as cited in "Tesla's Electro- magnetics and Its Soviet Weaponization", paper by T. E. Bearden.)


The International Foundation for Advanced study is established. Founded by Myron Stolaroff and Paul Kurtz, and located in Menlo Park, California. Studied the effects of LSD and mescaline from 1961 to 1965.


(Anderson, Walter Truett, The Upstart Spring, Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1983)


The foundation also offered LSD therapy for $500 a session. In late 1961, the foundation released The Psychedelic Experience: A New Concept in Psychotherapy. (Stevens, Jay, Storming Heaven, Atlantic Monthly Press, 1987, pg 177-9)


Also involved with the IFAS were Alfred Hubbard, Vice President Willis Harman, Charles Savage, Robert Mogar, James Fadiman, and Ethel Savage; with Hubbard reportedly supp the drugs (then legal for research).


The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI) authorizes field testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing of the european population is code named Project THIRD CHANCE; testing of the Asian population is code named Project DERBY HAT.


Duke Law School grad., former VP, and Navy Vet., Richard M. Nixon; and millionaire, Harvard Grad, and Navy Vet. John F. Kennedy (JFK) run for the Presidency. A joint televised news conference is held for the first time and is billed as "The Presidential Debates." JFK is elected in a very close election. He will serve approximately 1000 days before being assassinated. The assassination will be investigated by a commission led by former California Governor, (but non-lawyer), US Supreme Court Justice, Earl Warren. Another of the commission members (the Warren Commission) is future President, Gerald Ford.


Colonel Fuijo Hayashi "UFOs are impossible to deny....It is very strange that we have never been able to find out the source for over two decades." Colonel Hayashi, Commander of the Air Transport Wing of Japan's Air Self-Defense Force, Made this statement was sometime in the 1960s.


Roscoe Hillenkoetter "Behind the scenes, high-ranking Air Force officers are soberly concerned about UFOs. But through official secrecy and ridicule, many citizens are led to believe the unknown f objects are nonsense." From a public statement, 1960.


Summer of 1960 "Mystery Satellite" in orbit around Earth tracked and photographed by Grumman.


Optics capabilities became quite advanced. An optics expert that year wrote that it soon should be possible to develop satellite cameras capable of "resolving two objects three inches apart from 125 miles up."

 

1961


John F. Kennedy becomes the nation's first Roman Catholic president. Lyndon Johnson is vice president and an active partner, attending Cabinet, National Security Council, and special White House meetings. He chairs other councils and committee and represents JFK on goodwill missions throughout the world, explaining the administration's foreign-aid policy.


On July 4th, the President replies to a congratulatory note sent to him on July 3 from Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev on the 185th anniversary of the Fourth of July, stating the U.S. is still dedicated to the "revolutionary principles of individual liberty and national freedom."


Excerpts from Eisenhower's Farewell Speech - [... ]We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose, and insidious in method. Unhappily the danger it poses promises to be of indefinite duration. To meet it successfully, there is called for, not so much the emotional and transitory sacrifices of crisis, but rather those which enable us to carry forward steadily, surely, and without complaint the burdens of a prolonged and complex struggle - with liberty the stake. [...] [T]hreats, new in kind or degree, constantly arise. Of these, I mention two only. [...] A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction. Our military organization today bears little relation to that known by any of my predecessors in peacetime, or indeed by the fighting men of World War II or Korea.


Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had no armaments industry. American makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. But now we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense; we have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. Added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. We annually spend on military security more than the net income of all United States corporations. [...]


This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence - economic, political, even spiritual - is felt in every city, every Statehouse, every office of the Federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society.


In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.


We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together.


Akin to, and largely responsible for the sweeping changes in our industrial-military posture, has been the technological revolution during recent decades.


In this revolution, research has become central, it also becomes more formalized, complex, and costly. A steadily increasing share is conducted for, by, or at the direction of, the Federal government.


Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his shop, has been overshadowed by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. In the same fashion, the free university, historically the fountainhead of free ideas and scientific discovery, has experienced a revolution in the conduct of research. Partly because of the huge costs involved, a government contract becomes virtually a substitute for intellectual curiosity. For every old blackboard there are now hundreds of new electronic computers.


The prospect of domination of the nation's scholars by Federal employment, project allocations, and the power of money is ever present - and is gravely to be regarded.


Yet, in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite. [...]


Disarmament, with mutual honor and confidence, is a continuing imperative. Together we must learn how to compose differences, not with arms, but with intellect and decent purpose. Because this need is so sharp and apparent I confess that I lay down my official responsibilities in this field with a definite sense of disappointment. As one who has witnessed the horror and the lingering sadness of war - as one who knows that another war could utterly destroy this civilization which has been so slowly and painfully built over thousands of years - I wish I could say tonight that a lasting peace is in sight. [End Eisenhower's farewell address]


Kennedy speaks to Congress- President Kennedy, faced with the prospect of America losing its technology edge over the Soviets, addresses a special joint-session of Congress. In his speech, he asks that the U.S. "commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth."


Khrushchev meets with U.S. President John F. Kennedy in Vienna. He is not satisfied in regard to the Berlin situation and agrees with Ulbricht to close the border to Berlin.


After Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is arrested for trying to integrate restaurants in Florida, President Kennedy states that segregation is morally wrong & that it is "time to act."


The Bay of Pigs - The CIA sends 1,500 Cuban exiles to invade Castro's Cuba. But "Operation Mongoose" fails, due to poor planning, security and backing. The planners had imagined that the invasion would spark a popular uprising against Castro - which never happens. A promised American air strike also never occurs. This is the CIA's first public setback, causing President Kennedy to fire CIA Director Allen Dulles.


Dominican Republic - The CIA assassinates Rafael Trujillo, a murderous dictator Washington has supported since 1930. Trujillo's business interests have grown so large (about 60 percent of the economy) that they have begun competing with American business interests.


Ecuador - The CIA-backed military forces the democratically elected President Jose Velasco to resign. Vice President Carlos Arosemana replaces him; the CIA fills the now vacant vice presidency with its own man.


Congo (Zaire) - The CIA assassinates the democratically elected Patrice Lumumba. However, public support for Lumumba's politics runs so high that the CIA cannot clearly install his opponents in power. Four years of political turmoil follow.


United States. Betty and Barney Hill. Driving to their home in New Hampshire, Betty and Barney Hill notice a bright light in the sky. Radar reports at the nearby Pease Air Force Base also record something in the air at that time. The Hills examined the light through binoculars, and saw a structured object with flashing lights. Barney walks across a field for a closer look, and sees beings looking back at him. Frightened, he and Betty drive home, arriving two hours later then expected. They cannot account for the missing time (a common phenomenon among abductees) until they undergo regression hypnosis. The couple described being stopped by the UFO and taken aboard the saucer for medical examination. Due to the impressive documentation and the confirming radar trace from Pease Air Force Base, the Hill case is one of the most famous on record.


Roscoe Hillenkoetter


"Acting with the majority of the NICAP Board of Governors, I urge immediate Congressional action to reduce the dangers from secrecy about Unidentified F Objects."


-Roscoe Hillenkoetter, NICAP Board Member and former CIA Director, in a open letter to Congress, August 1961.


"The Air Force cannot do any more under the circumstances. It has been a difficult assignment for them, and I believe we should not continue to criticize their investigations. I am resigning as a member of the NICAP Board of Governors."


-Roscoe Hillenkoetter, in a letter to Donald Keyhole, February, 1962.

 

1962


In October, the knights of Malta award Lyndon Johnson the Grand Cross of Merit of the Sovereign Order of Malta for his "significant humanitarian contributions." He is the first American to be so honored by the knights of one of the oldest Roman Catholic orders. Keep in mind that the Catholic Church has been coopted by the CIA and is an "intelligence asset."


Kennedy stands firm against Khrushchev during the Cuban Missile Crisis. By the end of November, the missiles have been shipped back to the Soviet Union.


The Esalen Institute was founded in 1964 by Mike Murphy and Dick Price out of Murphy's family resort. Murphy and Price had been running seminars at the resort beginning in 1962, with speakers gathered through an expanding network of contacts, beginning with Alan Watts, Aldous Huxley, George Bateson, Gerald Heard, and others. [see Anderson, Walter Truett, The Upstart Spring, Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1983 for an expansive history of Esalen]


While an engineering professor at Stanford University, Harman led a 1962 conference on human potentiality at the Esalen Institute called "The Expanding Vision". Harman went on later to head IONS with Astronaut Edgar Mitchell.


Project Starfish


On July 9, 1962, the US began a further series of experiments with the ionosphere. From their description: "one kiloton device, at a height of 60 km and one megaton and one multi-megaton, at several hundred kilometers height" (K.H.A., 29 June 1962). These tests seriously disturbed the lower Van Allen Belt, substantially altering its shape and intensity.


"In this experiment the inner Van Allen Belt will be practically destroyed for a period of time; particles from the Belt will be transported to the atmosphere. It is anticipated that the earth's magnetic field will be disturbed over long distances for several hours, preventing radio communication. The explosion in the inner radiation belt will create an artificial dome of polar light that will be visible from Los Angeles" (K.H.A. 11 May 1962).


A Fijian Sailor, present at this nuclear explosion, told me that the whole sky was on fire and he thought it would be the end of the world. This was the experiment which called forth the strong protest of the Queen's Astronomer, Sir Martin Ryle in the UK.


"The ionosphere [according to the under-standing at that time] that part of the atmosphere between 65 and 80 km and 280- 320 km height, will be disrupted by mechanical forces caused by the pressure wave following the explosion. At the same time, large quantities of ionizing radiation will be released, further ionizing the gaseous components of the atmosphere at this height. This ionization effect is strengthened by the radiation from the fission products...


The lower Van Allen Belt, consisting of charged particles that move along the geomagnetic field lines... will similarly be disrupted. As a result of the explosion, this field will be locally destroyed, while countless new electrons will be introduced into the lower belt" (K.H.A. 11 May 1962).


"On 19 July... NASA announced that as a consequence of the high altitude nuclear test of July 9, a new radiation belt had been formed, stretching from a height of about 400 km to 1600 km; it can be seen as a temporary extension of the lower Van Allen Belt" (K.H.A. 5 August 1962).


As explained in the Encyclopedia Britannica:


"... Starfish made a much wider belt [than Project Argus] that extends from low altitude out past L=3 [i.e. three earth radiuses or about 13,000 km above the surface of the earth]."


Later in 1962, the USSR undertook similar planetary experiments, creating three new radiation belts between 7,000 and 13,000 km above the earth. According to the Encyclopedia, the electron fluxes in the lower Van Allen Belt have changed markedly since the 1962 high- altitude nuclear explosions by the US and USSR, never returning to their former state. According to American scientists, it could take many hundreds of years for the Van Allen Belts to destabilize at their normal levels. (Research done by: Nigel Harle, Borderland Archives, Cortenbachstraat 32, 6136 CH Sittard, Netherlands.)


Alfred K. Bender declared that he would tell his story and wrote a book entitled F Saucers and the Three Men. It described astral projection to a secret base in Antarctica inhabited by male, female and bisexual creatures. Researchers were perplexed and wondered if the whole thing was just contrived to hide something more sinister. Lucchesi said that Bender was a "changed man" after the three men had visited him. He said "it was as if he had been lobotomized." Bender was obviously frightened, and suffered from extreme headaches whenever he even thought about speaking about his experiences and what the three men had told him. He withdrew completely from UFO research, and went to work managing a hotel, and refused to discuss anything about such matters ever again.


Not too many months after Bender's silencing, Edgar R. Jarrold, organizer of the Australian F Saucer Bureau, and Harold H. Fulton, head of Civilian Saucer Investigation of New Zealand, had received similar visits and disbanded their organizations.


General Douglas MacArthur: "You now face a new world - a world of change. The thrust into outer space of the satellite, spheres and missiles marked the beginning of another epoch in the long story of mankind , the chapter of the space age... We speak in strange terms: of harnessing the cosmic energy... of the primary target in war, no longer limited to the armed forces of an enemy, but instead to include his civil populations; of ultimate conflict between a united human race and the sinister forces of some other planetary galaxy." An address by General Douglas MacArthur to the United States Military Academy at West Point, May 12, 1962.


Major Robert White "There are things out there! There absolutely is!" White exclaiming over the radio about a UFO encounter taking place on a 58 mile high X-15 flight on July 17, 1962. "I have no idea what it could be. It was greyish in color and about thirty to forty feet away." He later reported.


Carl Sagan presented a remarkable paper to the American Rocket Society, arguing that not only was space travel possible, but that other civilizations "must today by p the spaces between stars." He stated that radio was not always the best way to establish contact with others.

 

1963


Hal Puthoff Worked for eight years in the Microwave Laboratory at Stanford University till 1971


Martin Luther King delivers his famous speech, "I Have a Dream" during the "March on Washington."


Kennedy makes a political visit to Florida and Texas and is assassinated in Dallas, the 4th president to die by an assassin's bullet. Lyndon Johnson takes the oath of office at 2:38 p.m. on November 22nd on Air Force One. His first message to the national is brief: "I will do my best. That is all I can do. I ask for your help, and God's." He takes firm command of the government and reverses nearly everything JFK set in motion.


John F. Kennedy announces, the day before his assassination: "We seek a free flow of information... we are not afraid to entrust the American people with unpleasant facts, foreign ideas, alien philosophies, and competitive values. For a nation that is afraid to let its people judge the truth and falsehood in an open market is a nation that is afraid of its people." Nov. 21, 1963.


Jacqueline Kennedy carefully directs the details of her husband's funeral, consulting with historians as to the traditional burial procedures for other presidents who had died in office. The catafalque, which had borne Abraham Lincoln's casket, is used again. 220 foreign leaders walk in the procession.


Gerald Ford serves as a member of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy that investigates the assassination and co-authors a book, Portrait of the Assassin (1966). Allen Dulles also serves - remember, he was the guy Kennedy fired.


Rodney Stich's book "Defrauding America" tells of a "deep-cover CIA officer" assigned to a counter-intelligence unit, code-named Pegasus. This unit "had tape-recordings of plans to assassinate Kennedy" from a tap on the phone of J. Edgar Hoover. The people on the tapes were "[Nelson] Rockefeller, Allen Dulles, [Lyndon] Johnson of Texas, George Bush and J. Edgar Hoover."


In 1963, Bush was living in Houston, president of the Zapata Offshore oil company. He denied the existence of a note sent by the FBI's J. Edgar Hoover to "Mr. George Bush of the CIA." When news of the note surfaced, the CIA first said they never commented on employment questions, but later relented said yes, a "George Bush" was mentioned in the note, but that it was "another" George Bush, not the man who took office in the White House in 1988. Reporters tracked down the "other" George Bush and discovered that he was just a lowly clerk who had shuffled papers for the CIA for about six months. He never received any interagency messages from anybody at the FBI.


It is also worth noting that a CIA code word for Bay of Pigs was Operation Zapata, and that two of the support vessels were named Barbara and Houston.


Many say that George Bush was high up on the CIA ladder at the time, running proprietorial vehicles and placed in a position of command, responsible for many of the Cubans recruited into "service" at the time. All through the Iran-Contra affair, Felix Rodriguez, the man who captured and had Che Guevara killed for the CIA, always seemed to call Bush's office first.


From The Realist (Summer, 1991):


"Bush was working with the now-famous CIA agent, Felix Rodriguez, recruiting right-wing Cuban exiles for the invasion of Cuba. It was Bush's CIA job to organize the Cuban community in Miami for the invasion. [...] A newly discovered FBI document reveals that George Bush was directly involved in the 1963 murder of President John Kennedy. The document places marksmen by the CIA. Bush at that time lived in Texas. Hopping from Houston to Miami weekly, Bush spent 1960 and '61 recruiting Cubans in Miami for the invasion. [...]


"George Bush claims he never worked for the CIA until he was appointed Director by former Warren Commission director and then president Jerry Ford in 1976. Logic suggests that is highly unlikely. Of course, Bush has a company duty to deny being in the CIA. The CIA is a secret organization. No one ever admits to being a member. The truth is that Bush has been a top CIA official since before the 1961 invasion of Cuba, working with Felix Rodriguez. Bush may deny his actual role in the CIA in 1959, but there are records in the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba that expose Bush's role..."


On the Watergate tapes, June 23, 1972, referred to in the media as the 'smoking gun' conversation, Nixon and his Chief of Staff, H.R. Haldeman, were discussing how to stop the FBI investigation into the CIA Watergate burglary. They were worried that the investigation would expose their connection to 'the Bay of Pigs thing.' Haldeman, in his book "The Ends of Power", reveals that Nixon always used code words when talking about the 1963 murder of JFK. Haldeman said Nixon would always refer to the assassination as 'the Bay of Pigs'. On that transcript we find Nixon discussing the role of George Bush's partner, Robert Mosbacher, as one of the Texas fundraisers for Nixon. On the tapes Nixon keeps referring to the 'Cubans' and the 'Texans.' The 'Texans' were Bush, Mosbacher and Baker. This is another direct link between Bush and evidence linking Nixon and Bush to the Kennedy assassination."


So, why would an intelligence agency/secret society want to smuggle drugs and assassinate JFK? Simple: a coup d'etat.


Robert J. Oppenheimer wins the Fermi medal.


Dominican Republic - The CIA overthrows the democratically elected Juan Bosch in a military coup. The CIA installs a repressive, right wing junta.


Ecuador - A CIA-backed military coup overthrows President Arosemana, whose independent (not socialist) policies have become unacceptable to Washington. A military junta assumes command, cancels the 1964 elections, and begins abusing human rights.

 

1964


The American "Civil Rights Act of 1964" is passed under the authority of the 14th Amendment and the Federal "Interstate Commerce Clause."


Martin Luther King Jr. wins the Nobel Peace Prize.


United States, Holloman AFB, New Mexico - Possible landing of UFO at base.


Lyndon Johnson is elected President of the US in his own right. Johnson defeats Arizona Senator, Barry Goldwater.


Brazil - A CIA-backed military coup overthrows the democratically elected government of Joao Goulart. The junta that replaces it will, in the next two decades, become one of the most bloodthirsty in history. General Castelo Branco will create Latin America's first death squads, or bands of secret police that hunt down "communists" for torture, interrogation and murder. Often these "communists" are no more than Branco's political opponents. Later it is revealed that the CIA trains the death squads.


Vietnam - On July 30, 1964, a group of planners form the CIA, NSA, and Office of Naval Intelligence coordinated a raid on the North Vietnamese coast, using primarily the U.S. Navy Seals. The plan was to knock out a North Vietnamese radar station, but was unsuccessful, and drew fire from North Vietnamese troops. A more formal retaliation followed on August 2, when two North Vietnamese PT boats attacked the USS Maddox. Not surprisingly, that failed. On August 4, another U.S. destroyer, the Turner Joy, joined the Maddox and reported being attacked by North Vietnamese PT Boats. In this instance, however, no evidence of any boats - nor an attack - ever turned up. Nevertheless, on August 7, President Lyndon Baines Johnson told Congress that U.S. ships were twice attacked without provocation. The results was the infamous Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which passed in the Senate by 88-2, in the House by 416-0. This gave Johnson a virtual blank check to wage war.


United States, Socorro, NM - one of the classic UFO-alien sightings occurred.

 

1965


"A project in the U.S. called Project Pandora ... was undertaken in which chimpanzees were exposed to microwave radiation. The man who was in charge of this project said, 'the potential for exerting a degree of control on human behaviour by low level microwave radiation seems to exist' and he urged that the effects of microwaves be studied for 'possible weapons applications' ". (From "Electromagnetic Pollution: A Little Known Health Hazard. A new means of control?" by Kim Besley, Great Britain, p 14. Research from Woody Blue.)


In 1965, Koslov, then a physicist at the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), suggested to Charles Weiss, head of security at the State Department, that a "a sober and systematic program of research" look into the "Moscow Signal", which was caused by microwave radiation being beamed into the Moscow American Embassy. This program eventually evolved into Project Pandora, America's first research program into the possible offensive, anti-personnel use of non-ionizing microwave radiation.


(Steneck, Nicholas H., The Microwave Debate, The MIT Press, 1984, pg 94-5)


A "Death Ray" weapon was developed by McFarlane Corporation, described as a modulated electron gun X-ray nuclear booster, could be adapted to communications, remote control and guidance systems, EM radiation telemetry and death ray. McFarlane claimed NASA stole the patent in 1965. Reported hearings before the House Subcommittee on Department of Defense Appropriations, chaired by Rep. George Mahon (Dem. - Texas). (From "Hearing Voices" by Alex Constantine, Hustler, Jan. 1994, pp 102-104, 113, 120, 134. Research by Harlan Girard.)


CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a program to develop a capability to manipulate human behavior through the use of mind-altering drugs.


Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are subjected to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent Orange used in Vietnam. The men are later studied for development of cancer, which indicates that Agent Orange had been a suspected carcinogen all along.


George Adamski dies of a heart attack. At the time of his death he was offering to teach people how to visit the planets Venus and Mars by self-hypnosis . . .for fifty dollars.


Indonesia - The CIA overthrows the democratically elected Sukarno with a military coup. The CIA has been trying to eliminate Sukarno since 1957, using everything from attempted assassination to sexual intrigue, for nothing more than his declaring neutrality in the Cold War. His successor, General Suharto, will massacre between 500,000 to 1 million civilians accused of being "communist." The CIA supplies the names of countless suspects.


Dominican Republic - A popular rebellion breaks out, promising to reinstall Juan Bosch as the country's elected leader. The revolution is crushed when U.S. Marines land to uphold the military regime by force. The CIA directs everything behind the scenes.


Greece - With the CIA's backing, the king removes George Papandreous as prime minister. Papandreous has failed to vigorously support U.S. interests in Greece.


Congo (Zaire) - A CIA-backed military coup installs Mobutu Sese Seko as dictator. The hated and repressive Mobutu exploits his desperately poor country for billions.


John W. McCormack U.S. Representative, Former Speaker of the House. "Some three years ago, (1957), as chairman of the House Select Committee on Outer Space out of which came the recently established NASA, my Select Committee held executive sessions on the matter of 'Unidentified F Objects.' We could not get much information at that time, although it was pretty well established by some in our minds that there were some objects f around in space that were unexplainable." In a November 4, 1960 letter to Major Donald Keyhoe. "I feel that the Air Force has not been giving out all the available information on the Unidentified F Objects. You cannot disregard so many unimpeachable sources." January 1965


Major General E.B. LeBaily "Many of the reports that cannot be explained have come from intelligent and technically well-qualified individuals whose integrity cannot be doubted." As USAF Director of Information, in a September 28, 1965, letter to USAF Scientific Advisory Board.


General Curtis LeMay "We had a number of reports from reputable individuals (well-educated serious-minded folks, scientists and fliers) who surely saw something." As Air Force Chief of Staff, in his 1965 autobiography, 'Mission With LeMay,' stated that although the bulk of UFO reports could be explained as conventional or natural phenomena, some could not. "Many of the mysteries might be explained away as weather balloons, stars, reflected lights, all sorts of odds and ends. I don't mean to say that, in the unclosed and unexplained or unexplainable instances, those were actually f objects. All I can say is that no natural phenomena could be found to account for them... Repeat again: There were some cases we could not explain. Never could." Statement from 1965 autobiography Mission With LeMay, with MacKinlay Kantor, New York: Doubleday, 1965.


United States. The Great Northeast Blackout. Eight states; Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Vermont lost power in this power failure. Although a faulty automatic relay device at a plant near Niagara Falls is blamed, there is evidence that UFOs can cause power failures in the national electricity grid systems, although this may only be a side effect rather than an intentional act. In December of the same year, the grid systems failed in New Mexico and Texas following UFO sightings in those areas.


Red Sea. The crew of the steamship Raduga observed an unusual phenomenon. At about two miles away, a fiery sphere dashed out from under the water and hovered over the surface of the sea, illuminating it. The sphere was sixty meters in diameter, and it hovered above the sea at an altitude of 150 meters. A gigantic pillar of water rose as the sphere emerged from the sea and collapsed some moments later.


United States, Kecksburg, PA - Possible Crash/retrieval of UFO.


Antarctica - American scientist Carl Robert Disch vanished without a trace. He had set out to walk from his hut to the main station a short distance away, following a hand line strung as a guide, and was never seen again. A team of huskies failed to find him, and the wind raged amid -45 Fahrenheit temperatures. Some searchers claimed to have seen odd lights and heard engine noises in the distance.

 

1966


The Ramparts Affair - The radical magazine Ramparts begins a series of unprecedented anti-CIA articles. Among their scoops: the CIA has paid the University of Michigan $25 million dollars to hire "professors" to train South Vietnamese students in covert police methods. MIT and other universities have received similar payments. Ramparts also reveal that the National Students' Association is a CIA front. Students are sometimes recruited through blackmail and bribery, including draft deferments.


CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the toxicological effects of certain drugs on humans and animals.


U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger throughout the New York City subway system. More than a million civilians are exposed when army scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the bacteria onto ventilation grates.


Cleve Backster is a polygraph specialist who helped develop interrogation techniques for the CIA. As of 1986, he ran a polygraph instruction school and the Backster Research Foundaion in San Diego.


In February, 1966, Backster recorded what he believes to be emotional reactions in plants with a polygraph machine. Called the Backster Effect, the validity of this phenomena is still debated.


During the 1930's, Nazi Germany's rise to totalitarian power was well under way. Warning signs of the terror to come was being felt by increasing numbers of people. Among them was a young woman of great courage and insight. Charlotte Beradt recorded and collected people's dreams about the Nazi government's domination of their lives; dreams that tell of the painful political realities of the emerging Nazi State. In his essay at the conclusion of the volume, published in 1966, Bruno Bettelheim remarked that it was a shocking experience reading this book of dreams and seeing how effectively the Nazis murdered sleep, "forcing its enemies to dream dreams that showed that resistance was impossible and that safety lay only in compliance."


I find it very interesting that this book was published in 1966... It is difficult not to notice the comparison to the "abduction scenario" which we theorize was introduced into people's minds via Secret Government Mind Control Projects. It is a certainty that the abduction "experience," is literally a "forcing of the people to dream dreams that show that resistance is impossible...and that safety lies in compliance. And an entire "New Age" religion has been built around it, supporting it, promoting it, and then compensating for it with the idea of "Ascension" by "turning within for a place of safety." We say HUMBUG!


Rockefeller Foundation helps establish a center for population research at the Univer-sity of North Carolina. Similar support follows for Harvard, Columbia, University of Michigan, and others.


Allen Hynek: "Despite the seeming inanity of the subject, I felt that I would be derelict in my scientific responsibility to the Air Force if I did not point out that the whole UFO phenomenon might have aspects to it worthy of scientific attention." From Hearings on Unidentified F Objects, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Eighty-ninth Congress, Second Session, 1966.Dr. Hynek was Chairman of the Department of Astronomy at Northwestern University and scientific consultant for Air Force investigations of UFOs from 1948 until 1969 (Projects Sign, Grudge and Blue Book). Over his long career, he made numerous comments about the scientific implications of the UFO phenomenon.


"I have begun to feel that there is a tendency in 20th Century science to forget that there will be a 21st Century science, and indeed a 30th Century science, from which vantage points our knowledge of the universe may appear quite different than it does to us. We suffer, perhaps, from temporal provincialism, a form of arrogance that has always irritated posterity." Hynek, J. Allen, letter to Science magazine, August 1, 1966.


Robert J. Low: "The trick would be, I think, to describe the project so that, to the public, it would appear a totally objective study but, to the scientific community, would present the image of a group of non-believers trying their best to be objective, but having an almost zero expectation of finding a saucer." Low, project coordinator of the Colorado University UFO Project (a.k.a. The Condon Committee), in a memorandum of instruction from August 9, 1966. This telling quote gives an impression as to what may have been the goal of the Project: to either get the thing out of the way without hurting any of the scientists' credibility, or to comply with a rumored Air Force directive to produce a report showing UFOs to be unworthy of scientific consideration.


Gerald Ford "No doubt, you have noted the recent flurry of newspaper stories about unidentified f objects. I have taken special interest in these accounts because many of the latest reported sightings have been in my home state of Michigan... Because I think there may be substance to some of these reports and because I believe the American people are entitled to a more thorough explanation than has been given them by the Air Force to date, I am proposing that either the Science and Astronautics Committee or the Armed Services Committee of the House schedule hearings on the subject of UFOs and invite testimony from both the executive branch of the Government and some of the persons who claim to have seen UFOs... In the firm belief that the American public deserves a better explanation than that thus far given by the Air Force, I strongly recommend that there be a committee investigation of the UFO phenomena. I think we owe it to the people to establish credibility regarding UFOs and to produce the greatest possible enlightenment on this subject." From a letter he sent as a Congressman to L. Mendel Rivers, Chairman of the Armed Services Committee, on March 28, 1966.


The Freedom of Information Act passed congress, but remained toothless until 1974.


MK-Search reactivates previously abdandoned projects under Richard Helms, new Director of Central Intelligence. One such project was Spellbinder. Its goal was to create a "sleeper killer," someone who could be turned loose after receiving a key word planted in his mind under hypnosis. According to Gordon Thomas, the project was a failure.


The American media contributed toward maintaining a rigid status quo, almost obsequious in its compliance to the national security community. Senator William Fullbright commented about this on August 13, 1966, during Senate hearings on government and media. He said it was very interesting that so many prominent newspapers did not contest or even raise questions about government policy.

 

1967


Minot AFB, North Dakota - Radar and visual sighting of UFOs over missile site; jets scrambled. (3-05-67)


Malmstrom AFB, Montana - UFOs disrupt missile circuitry. (3-20-67)


Malmstrom AFB, Montana - Reported UFO landing.


Cuba - Two Cuban jets attempt UFO intercept; one is disintegrated.


The "Hippies" have the "Summer of Love" in San Francisco.


The "Long Hot Summer." Significant televised riots occur.


Greece - A CIA-backed military coup overthrows the government two days before the elections. The favorite to win was George Papandreous, the liberal candidate. During the next six years, the "reign of the colonels" - backed by the CIA - will usher in the widespread use of torture and murder against political opponents. When a Greek ambassador objects to President Johnson about U.S. plans for Cypress, Johnson tells him: "**** your parliament and your constitution."


Operation PHEONIX - The CIA helps South Vietnamese agents identify and then murder alleged Viet Cong leaders operating in South Vietnamese villages. According to a 1971 congressional report, this operation killed about 20,000 "Viet Cong."


CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI, successor to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and test biological and chemical weapons.


Broadcaster Frank Edwards dies on June 24, 21 years exactly after the Kenneth Arnold sighting. Edwards, who wrote a best selling book, F Saucers, Serious Business, was a highly successful radio host. He was warned to abandon the subject of UFOs, and refused. He was fired. In spite of thousands of letters in protest of his dismissal, his ex-sponsor, the American Federation of Labor, stood firm. George Meany, then president of the AFL said Edwards had been dropped "Because he talked too much about f saucers!" It was later suggested that the Defense Department had put pressure on the AFL. Edwards was only temporarily silenced. He soon had a syndicated show that dealt almost exclusively with UFOs and related phenomena. Shortly after, the news of the sudden death of Frank Edwards on the anniversary of the Kenneth Arnold UFO sighting near Mt. Rainier, Washington was announced. Some people claimed that Edwards had been ill, was overweight, and so forth. Those closest to him said he had never been ill. The obituary said that death was "apparently" due to a heart attack, and we wonder how many other researchers have died of an apparent problem that had never before been apparent?


Allen Hynek: "We watched it for quite a few minutes. We could see it was larger than the headlights of the cars below. And we could see it was not attached to anything. And there was no sound. I became frightened actually, because it wasn't anything I could understand... from a personal viewpoint, I am pretty well convinced that we are being surveyed." "F Saucers," Special Issue of Look magazine, 1967. Dr. Sprinkle, Professor of psychology at the University of Wyoming had his first UFO sighting in 1951 when he and a friend saw "something in the sky, round and metallic looking." In 1956, he had a second sighting while driving with his wife near Boulder, Colorado.


"I was there at [Project] Bluebook and I know the job they had. They were told not to excite the public, not to rock the boat... Whenever a case happened that they coud explain--which was quite a few--they made a point of that, and let that out to the media. . .Cases that were very difficult to explain, they would jump handsprings to keep the media away from them. They had a job to do, rightfully or wrongfully, to keep the public from getting excited."


"When one gets reports from scientists, engineers and technicians whose credibility by all common standards is high and whose moral caliber seems to preclude a hoax, one can do no less than hear them out, in all seriousness." From, "The UFO Gap", Hynek, J. Allen, Playboy, Vol. 14, No. 12, December 1967.


"It remains an established fact, supported by numerous observations, that UFOs have not only been seen visually but have also been picked up on the radar screen and have left traces on the photographic plate." "Unfortunately, however, there are good reasons why the UFOs cannot be disposed of in this simple manner. It remains an established fact, supported by numerous observations, that UFOs have not only been seen visually but have also been picked up on the radar screen and have left traces on the photographic plate. It boils down to nothing less than this: that either psychic projections throw back a radar echo, or else the appearance of real objects affords an opportunity for mythological projections." "A Fresh Look at F Saucers," Time, August 4, 1967.


American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics UFO Subcommittee The AIAA established a subcommittee in 1967 to look into the UFO question. The UFO Subcommittee issued several reports and statements, including in-depth studies of two UFO incidents. The UFO Subcommittee stated that its "most important conclusion" was that government agencies consider funding UFO research: "From a scientific and engineering standpoint, it is unacceptable to simply ignore substantial numbers of unexplained observations... the only promising approach is a continuing moderate-level effort with emphasis on improved data collection by objective means... involving available remote sensing capabilities and certain software changes." The Encyclopedia of UFOs, Ronald D.Story, New York: Doubleday, 1980. The Subcommittee of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics criticized the conclusion of The Condon Report as the personal views of Dr. Condon, and added: "The opposite conclusion could have been drawn from The Condon Report's content, namely, that a phenomenon with such a high ratio of unexplained cases (about 30 percent) should arouse sufficient scientific curiosity to continue its study."


Air Marshall Nurjadin Roesmin "UFOs sighted in Indonesia are identical with those sighted in other countries. Sometimes they pose a problem for our Air Defence and once we were obliged to open fire on them." Air Marshall Roesmin was Commander-in-Chief of the Indonesian Air Force, 1967.


The first animal mutilation case was reported on September 9, 1967. The victim was a horse named Lady.

 

1968


Eldon Byrd Published a paper on the telemetry of brain waves in the "Proceedings" of the International Telemetering Conference, 1972. Byrd: Physical Scientist at the Naval Surface Weapons Center, White Oaks Laboratory, Silver Springs, Maryland (1968- unknown, at least 1981) Byrd describes his work with Naval Surface Weapons as "predicting what war will be like in the future."


Dr. Gordon J. F. MacDonald, science advisor to President Lyndon Johnson, wrote, "Perturbation of the environment can produce changes in behavioural patterns." He was referring to low frequency EM waves in the ionosphere affecting human brain wave patterns. (From his book, Unless Peace Comes, a Scientific Forecast of New Weapons, cited in "New World Order ELF Psychotronic Tyranny", a paper by C. B. Baker.)


SPS: Solar Power Satellite Project


In 1968 the US military proposed Solar Powered Satellites in geostationary orbit some 40,000 km above the earth, which would intercept solar radiation using solar cells on satellites and transmit it via a microwave beam to receiving antennas, called rectennas, on earth. The US Congress mandated the Department of Energy and NASA to prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment on this project, to be completed by June 1980, and costing $25 Million. This project was designed to construct 60 Solar Powered Satellites over a thirty year period at a cost between $500 and $800 thousand million (in 1968 dollars), providing 100 percent of the US energy needs in the year 2025 at a cost of $3000 per kW. At that time, the project cost was two to three times larger than the whole Department of Energy budget, and the projected cost of the electricity was well above the cost of most conventional energy sources. The rectenna sites on earth were expected to take up to 145 square kilometers of land, and would preclude habitation by any humans, animals or even vegetation. Each Satellite was to be the size of Manhattan Island. [sounds curiously like the HAARP array, yes?]


CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking water by injecting chemicals into the water supply of the FDA in Washington, D.C.


CIA continued its work on mind control. Dr. Robert Keefe, a neurosurgeon at Tulane University, conducted work in Electrical Stimulation of the Brain (ESB). The experiments involved implanting electrodes into the brain and body, with the result that the subjects' memory, impulses, and feelings could all be controlled. ESB could also evoke hallucinations, fear, and pleasure. "It could literally manipulate the human will, at will," said Keefe.


George Estabrooks, another scientist, stated to the Providence Evening Bulletin that the key to creating an effective spy or assassin is by creating a multiple personality with the aid of hypnosis, a procedure he described as "child's play." Estabrooks suggested that Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby could have been controlled in this manner.


Operation CHAOS - The CIA has been illegally spying on American citizens since 1959, but with Operation CHAOS, President Johnson dramatically boosts the effort. CIA agents go undercover as student radicals to spy on and disrupt campus organizations protesting the Vietnam War. They are searching for Russian instigators, which they never find. CHAOS will eventually spy on 7,000 individuals and 1,000 organizations.


Richard Nixon wins the Presidential Election. Nixon defeats Minnesota Senator Hubert H. Humphrey.


Former Alabama Governor, George Wallace runs as a "third party" candidate for the Presidency on a "State's Rights" platform that includes banning federally mandated forcible school desegregation ("Bussing"). Wallace will later survive an assassination attempt (severely crippled). Before the end of his life, Wallace will repent his racist views. He subsequently, in tears, will ask for and receive the forgiveness of many civil rights leaders.


*One of the most tragic years in American post Civil War politics. There are major riots and assassinations including, without limitation, presidential hopeful, Robert Kennedy and civil rights leader, Martin Luther King.


During the Democratic Party's National Convention in Chicago, protesters and police clash in a violent series of televised riots.


Bolivia - A CIA-organized military operation captures legendary guerilla Che Guevara. The CIA wants to keep him alive for interrogation, but the Bolivian government executes him to prevent worldwide calls for clemency.


Dr. James E. McDonald - "The type of UFO reports that are most intriguing are close-range sightings of machine-like objects of unconventional nature and unconventional performance characteristics, seen at low altitudes, and sometimes even on the ground. The general public is entirely unaware of the large number of such reports that are coming from credible witnesses... When one starts searching for such cases, their number are quite astonishing. Also, such sightings appear to be occurring all over the globe." "Symposium on Unidentified F Objects," Hearings before the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, July 29, 1968.


"I have absolutely no idea where the UFO's come from or how they are operated, but after ten years of research, I know they are something from outside our atmosphere." Dr. McDonald was Senior Physicist at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the University of Arizona.


Lee Katchen: "UFO sightings are now so common, the military doesn't have time to worry about them. . .when a UFO appears, they simply ignore it. . . Unconventional targets are ignored because apparently we are only interested in Russian targets, possibly enemy targets. Something that hovers in the air, then shoots off at 5,000 miles per hour, doesn't interest us, because it can't be the enemy. UFOs are picked up by ground and air radar, and they have been photographed by gun camera all along. There are so many UFOs in the sky that the Air Force has had to employ special radar networks to screen them out." Katchen, NASA atmospheric physicist, in an announcement on June 7, 1968 in which he stated that he believed, based on his examination of 7,000 reports, that UFOs have an extraterrestrial origin.


Dr. Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. "The system is partially classified and, hence, I cannot go into great detail... Since this particular sensor system has been in operation, there have been a number of anomalistic alarms. Alarms that, as of this date, have not been explained on the basis of natural phenomena interference, equipment malfunction or inadequacy, or man-made space objects." In 1968, he made this statement concerning the one U.S. radar system in operation at that time that, to his knowledge, exhibited sufficient continuous coverage to reveal UFOs operating above the earth's atmosphere during 1968 Congressional Hearings. He has specialized in the study of motion pictures of UFOs and anomalistic radar images, and has concluded that two of the most famous UFO motion pictures, taken in the 1950s, cannot be explained in terms of conventional phenomena. Dr. Robert Baker was President of West Coast University; author of two astrodynamics textbooks; head of Lockheed's Astrody


Robert F Kennedy U.S. Senator "As you may know, I am a card-carrying member of the Amalgamated F Saucers Association. Therefore, like many other people in our country I am interested in the phenomenon of f saucers. It is a fascinating subject that has initiated both scientific fiction fantasies and serious scientific research. I watch with great interest all reports of unidentified f objects, and I hope that some day we will know more about this intriguing subject. Dr. Harlow Shapley, the prominent astronomer, has stated that there is a probability that there is other life in the universe. I favor more research regarding this matter, and I hope that once and for all we can determine the true facts about f saucers. Your magazine can stimulate much of the investigation and inquiry into this phenomenon through the publication of news and discussion of material. This can be of great help in paving the way to aknowledge of one of the fascinating subjects of our contemporary world." In a letter to Gray Barker Publisher, Saucer News May 9, 1968.


Most UFO witnesses had stopped making public reports, thanks to Air Force ridicule. Blue Book went through the entire year with just three unidentified sightings.


"My own present opinion, based on two years of careful study, is that UFOs are probably extraterrestrial devices engaged in something that might very tentatively be termed 'surveillance.'"


- James McDonald, physicist, before Congress in July 1968


"If 'they' discover you, it is an old but hardly invalid rule of thumb, "they" are your technological superiors."


-Lambrose D. Callihmahos. NSA analyst and author, 1968.

 

1969


Charles Tart studied electrical engineering at MIT and received a PhD in psychology from the University of North Carolina. Taught humanistic and experimental psychology at the University of California, Davis. Has served as Instructor in Psychiatry at the University of Virginia Medical School, and as Lecturer in Psychology at Stanford University. His work has dealt with parapsychology, sleep and dreaming, hypnoisis, and psychoactive drugs. [Tart, Charles, ed., Altered States of Consciousness, Anchor Books, 1969, inside cover]


Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of Defense requests from congress $10 million to develop, within 5 to 10 years, a synthetic biological agent to which no natural immunity exists.


Purdue graduate, Neil Armstrong (B.S.A.E. '55) is the first person to walk on the Moon.


Uruguay - The notorious CIA torturer Dan Mitrione arrives in Uruguay, a country torn with political strife. Whereas right-wing forces previously used torture only as a last resort, Mitrione convinces them to use it as a routine, widespread practice. "The precise pain, in the precise place, in the precise amount, for the desired effect," is his motto. The torture techniques he teaches to the death squads rival the Nazis'. He eventually becomes so feared that revolutionaries will kidnap and murder him a year later.


Operation Often. The CIA ran a number of bizarre experiments in mind control under the name Operation Often. The operation employed psychics and experts in demonology in addition to the normal assortment of chemists, biologists, and other convential scientists.


United States, Leary, Georgia. While Jimmy Carter was the governor of Georgia, he sighted a UFO. It was on January 6, at 7:15 P.M. He filed a report with the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena. The report explained that there was a large, bright object in the sky. It moved toward him from a distance, stopped, moved away, and then departed. It had a blue color at first, then it turned reddish. It wasn't really a solid figure, it was more like a light. The object looked the size of the moon. It was about 300-1000 miles away and was about 30 degrees above the horizon. Robert Sheaffer, a scientist that works for the government believes that Jimmy Carter really saw Venus, but Carter denies that. He even signed a paper that states that he encountered a UFO.


"Nothing has come from the study of UFOs in the past 21 years that has added to the scientific knowledge. Careful consideration of the record as it is available to us leads us to conclude that a further extensive study of UFOs probable cannot be justified in the expectation that science will be advanced thereby."


-Edward U. Condon, Scientific Study of Unidentified F Objects.


1969.